What characterizes long-term potentiation?

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is characterized by a lasting increase in synaptic strength and efficacy following certain patterns of stimulation. This process is essential for learning and memory as it enhances synaptic transmission, making it easier for neurons to communicate with one another. When certain synapses are repeatedly activated, they become more responsive to subsequent stimuli, which ultimately strengthens the synaptic connections.

This mechanism is believed to play a crucial role in various cognitive functions, particularly in the consolidation of long-term memories. Thus, the correct answer emphasizes the increased efficacy of synaptic transmission that occurs during LTP, highlighting its pivotal role in neuroplasticity.