What is described as the difference in concentration of charged particles between different parts of the cell?

The difference in concentration of charged particles between different parts of the cell is referred to as electric potential. This concept relates to the distribution of ions, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride, across the cell membrane. The electric potential arises due to the unequal distribution of these ions, creating a voltage difference, which is crucial for various cellular processes, including the generation of action potentials in neurons.

Electric potential is significant because it indicates the potential energy per unit charge at a given point in an electric field, which is essential for the function of excitable tissues like nerve and muscle cells. Understanding electric potential helps explain how cells can respond to stimuli and communicate signals through changes in membrane permeability and ion movement.