What is synaptic plasticity?

Synaptic plasticity refers to the capacity of synapses — the junctions where neurons communicate — to change their strength over time. This modification plays a vital role in learning and memory, allowing the brain to adapt in response to new experiences. When synaptic transmission is enhanced, it means that the communication between neurons can occur more effectively and efficiently, which is fundamental for processes such as learning.

The modification of synaptic strength can be due to various factors, such as increased neurotransmitter release or enhanced receptor sensitivity, contributing to long-term potentiation (LTP). Thus, synaptic plasticity is crucial for the brain's ability to store and retrieve information by strengthening or weakening the connections between neurons.

The other options do not accurately capture the essence of synaptic plasticity. Forgetting information, synapse formation alone, or the degradation of neuronal connections do not reflect the dynamic changes in synaptic efficacy that are central to the concept of synaptic plasticity.