What is the main role of neuroglia or glial cells?

Neuroglia, or glial cells, are essential components of the nervous system that primarily function to support and protect neurons. Unlike neurons, which are responsible for transmitting signals and conducting impulses, glial cells provide a variety of critical support roles that contribute to the overall health and functionality of the nervous system.

One of the primary roles of glial cells includes maintaining the homeostasis of the extracellular environment, which is crucial for the proper functioning of neurons. They do this by regulating ion concentrations, removing excess neurotransmitters, and providing metabolic support. Additionally, glial cells help to form myelin, which insulates axons and significantly increases the speed of electrical signal propagation in the nervous system.

Glial cells also play a protective role in the central nervous system (CNS) by responding to injury and infection. They participate in the immune response of the CNS, although this is a part of their role in supporting neurons rather than their main function. Overall, the support and protection provided by neuroglia are vital to the proper functioning of the neural network, allowing neurons to focus on signal transmission.