What type of cells form myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Oligodendrocytes are the cells responsible for forming myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS). Myelin sheaths are critical for the efficient conduction of electrical impulses along axons, allowing for faster signal transmission in neurons. Oligodendrocytes can extend their processes to multiple axons, providing insulation and support to several neurons simultaneously. This property is particularly important in the CNS, where efficient communication between neurons is essential for appropriate functioning.

In contrast, satellite cells primarily support and protect neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), while astrocytes play a key role in maintaining the blood-brain barrier and providing metabolic support to neurons in the CNS. Schwann cells, like oligodendrocytes, are responsible for myelination but function in the PNS, wrapping around single axons to form myelin sheaths there. Understanding the distinct roles of these cell types is crucial for grasping the complexity of the nervous system and the organization of neural tissues.