Which describes the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

The resting membrane potential of a neuron is primarily characterized by the unequal distribution of electrolytes between the extracellular fluid (ECF) and the intracellular fluid (ICF). This difference in ion concentration is essential for maintaining the resting state of the neuron.

In a resting neuron, the inside of the cell is negatively charged relative to the outside, primarily due to the higher concentration of potassium ions (K+) inside the cell and the higher concentration of sodium ions (Na+) outside the cell. The permeability of the cell membrane to different ions also plays a crucial role, as the membrane is more permeable to K+ than to Na+. Consequently, K+ tends to diffuse out of the cell, leading to a negative charge inside.

This unequal distribution creates a potential difference across the membrane, typically around -70 mV in neurons, which is known as the resting membrane potential. The maintenance of this potential is critical for the proper functioning of neurons, as it allows them to respond to stimuli and generate action potentials when necessary.