Which physical changes are associated with facilitation of long-term memory?

The facilitation of long-term memory is closely linked to physical changes in the brain, particularly in the formation and modification of synapses. The correct answer highlights that the physical remodeling of synapses and dendritic branching is essential for long-term potentiation, a process that strengthens synaptic connections based on recent patterns of activity. This synaptic enhancement is crucial for the storage of memories, as it increases the efficiency of synaptic transmission and aids in the formation of new connections between neurons.

During learning and memory formation, neurons can undergo structural changes, including the growth of new dendritic spines and the modification of existing synapses. This structural plasticity supports the idea that enhanced communication between neurons is vital for the consolidation of memories. Such changes contribute to the brain's ability to store complex information over extended periods. The presence of new synapses and altered dendritic structures facilitates greater neural connectivity, which is fundamental to the development of long-term memory.